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The atmospheric pressure capillary plasma jet is well-suited to supply H2O2 for plasma-driven biocatalysis

Plasma-generated H2O2 can be used to fuel biocatalytic reactions that require H2O2 as co-substrate such as the conversion of ethylbenzene to (R)-1-phenylethanol ((R)-1-PhOl) catalyzed by unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO). Immobilization was recently shown to protect biocatalysts from inactivation by highly reactive plasma-produced species, however, H2O2 supply by the employed plasma sources (µAPPJ and DBD) was limiting for rAaeUPO performance. In this study we evaluated a recently introduced capillary plasma jet for suitability to supply H2O2 in situ. H2O2 production was modulated by varying the water concentration in the feed gas, providing a greater operating window for applications in plasma-driven biocatalysis. In a static system after 80 min of biocatalysis, a turnover number of 44,199 mol(R)-1-PhOl mol-1rAaeUPO was achieved without significant enzyme inactivation. By exchanging the reaction solution every 5 min, a total product yield of 122 µmol (R)-1-PhOl was achieved in 700 min run time, resulting in a total turnover number of 174,209 mol(R)-1-PhOl mol-1rAaeUPO. We conclude that the capillary plasma jet, due to its flexibility regarding feed gas, admixtures, and power input, is well-suited for in situ H2O2 generation for plasma-driven biocatalysis tailoring to enzymes with high H2O2 turnover.

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Release Date
2025-02-04
Identifier
1e969046-ba6d-49f9-9c41-112f2287c094
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Is supplementing
Plasma Source Name
Plasma Source Application
Plasma Source Specification
Plasma Source Properties
Radio frequency (RF)-driven (13.56 MHz); inner capillary dimensions of 4.56 mm × 0.88 mm × 100 mm; electrodes had a width and length of 4 mm and 40 mm, respectively, resulting in a plasma volume of 4 mm × 0.88 mm × 40 mm; wall thickness of the capillary was 0.22 mm, leading to a distance of 1.32 mm between the electrodes; Plasma was operated at a plasma power of (6.0 ± 0.6) W. The gas flow (2 slm He)
Language
English (United States)
Plasma Source Procedure
The capillary plasma jet used in this study was identified as promising source for H2O2 generation and H2O2 transfer into liquid samples. The radio frequency (RF)-driven (13.56 MHz) atmospheric pressure capillary plasma jet was used as described before but with inner capillary (Hilgenberg, Germany) dimensions of 4.56 mm × 0.88 mm × 100 mm. The electrodes (itec Automation & Laser AG, Germany) had a width and length of 4 mm and 40 mm, respectively, resulting in a plasma volume of 4 mm × 0.88 mm × 40 mm. The wall thickness of the capillary was 0.22 mm, leading to a distance of 1.32 mm between the electrodes. Plasma was operated at a plasma power of (6.0 ± 0.6) W. The gas flow (2 slm He) was split and partially routed through a bubbler with cooled deionized water to enrich the feed gas with water molecules. The distance between the nozzle of the capillary jet and the sample was approx. 16 mm and the plasma zone ended 10 mm in front of the nozzle exit of the capillary. Plasma-driven biocatalysis was performed as described previously. In short, 150 mg protein-loaded beads were transferred to a rotating bed reactor (build in-house, dimensions: ∅ 2 cm × 0.7 cm). The reactor was placed in a vessel filled with 5 ml potassium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7) containing 50 mM ethylbenzene (ETBE). Plasma treatment was performed for up to 40 min, while every 5 min 150 µl sample were withdrawn for gas chromatography-based quantification of product as described elsewhere. After biocatalysis, residual activities of protein-loaded beads were determined. To this end, beads were recovered from the rotating bed reactor and washed thrice with potassium phosphate buffer. Enzyme activity was determined as described for the unimmobilized enzyme but in a total volume of 1 ml. To ensure sufficient substrate supply, samples were incubated shaking during turnover. For a total of ten minutes reaction time, every two minutes aliquots of 100 µl were removed and measured at a wavelength of 405 nm using a microplate reader (Biotek Epoch, Germany). Enzyme activity was calculated based on the linear slope of the kinetic.
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Plasma Medium Name
Plasma Medium Properties
He/H2O 2 slm
Plasma Target Name
Contact Name
Julia E. Bandow
Plasma Target Properties
100 mM potassium phosphate buffer containing 50 mM ethylbenzene and Immobilized enzyme.
Plasma Target Procedure
rAaeUPO was purified as described previously. For immobilization, two different types of non-directional carriers were used, namely amino (ECR8309F) and epoxy-butyl (ECR8285) functionalized Lifetech ECR resins (Purolite, Llantrisant, Wales) or amino (HA403 M) and ethyl-amino (EA403 M) functionalized beads (Resindion, Binasco, Italy). Beads (500 mg) were weight in a suitable vessel and washed thrice with 5 ml potassium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7). The amino functionalized carrier materials were incubated in phosphate buffer containing 0.5 % (w/v) glutaraldehyde. After 3 h of incubation, beads were washed thrice with potassium phosphate buffer. Enzyme (2 nmol) was added, and immobilization was allowed to proceed overnight at 8°C with tubes shaking upside down.
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Project Contact Name: 
Julia E. Bandow