Atmospheric pressure plasmas are widely used for nitrogen fixation processes to produce ammonia NH3 or nitrogen oxides NOx , including for example nitrite NO2– or nitrate NO3–. Small scale atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) can provide the production of these species on demand at the site of consumption. The species of interest are generated by the plasma and can be dissolved in liquids, for example, in order to use them. In this work, liquid treatments were performed by an APPJ operated in a He-H2O-N2-O2 gas composition in order to investigate the influence of the gas composition on the production of hydrogen peroxide H2O2, NH3 and NO2–. A validation of two H2O2 diagnostics showed that the spectrophotometric approach using ammonium metavanadate was interfered by other species when N2 was added to the system. Thus, electrochemical sensing of H2O2 was performed. The concentrations of NH3 and NO2– were measured by commercially available test kits based on the o-phythalaldehyde-method and the Griess reagent, respectively. At low N2 admixtures, the dominant species was H2O2 with a maximum concentration of 0.9mM, while NO2– became dominant at N2 admixtures of 0.5% and higher withconcentrations of up to 1.5mM. NH3 was also present in the system and could be measured at low concentrations of less than 0.2mM in the liquid. By varying the treatment distance and the gas flow rate, insights into the transport phenomena of the species and their dissolution into the liquid could be gained. Low frequency pulsing of the RF jet led to an accumulating effect on H2O2, a reduced production of NO2– and a switch from NOx dominated production to H2O2 dominated production.
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Release Date | 2024-04-26 |
Identifier | 630ff8b1-8ad8-4368-a5ae-5ca28c0513b4 |
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Plasma Source Properties | Two stainless steel electrodes with capillary (borosilicate, wall thickness 0.2mm) in between. Dimension of plasma: width: 1mm, length: 40mm, height: 1mm, Volume: 40mm³. Distance between electrodes: 1.4mm. Voltages (rms) between 150 and 700V. Plasma powers of up to 10W. Gas flow varies. Distance between electrode (plasma) end to capillary exit: 10mm |
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Plasma Medium Name | |
Plasma Medium Properties | Flow rate: 1 slm, humidity admixtures: 0 - 3200ppm (0-50% of gas flow through ice cooled bubbler), N2 admixtures below 1% (maximum flow of 10sccm), N2 admixture of 0.1% (1sccm). |
Plasma Medium Procedure | Cooling of the bubbler 1h before measurements with 900mL ice cubes and 400mL fridge cooled water. |
Plasma Target Name | |
Contact Name | Steffen Schüttler |
Plasma Target Properties | 100mM phosphate buffer |
Plasma Target Procedure | 3 mL liquid volume in UV cuvette, adjustment of capillary to a distance of 14mm from liquid surface |
Contact Email | |
Plasma Diagnostic Properties | Spectrophotometry of H2O2 using ammonium metavanadate, electrochemical sensing of H2O2 using purssian-blue carbon paste electrodes, fluorometry of ammonia using commercial ammonia test kits based on o-phythalaldehyde method, spectrophotometry of nitrite using commercial test kits based on Griess reagent |
Public Access Level | Public |
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Data and Resources
- Figure_02_power_curvestxt
Plasma power as a function of rms voltage at various N2 admixture to He...
Download - Figure_03_a_H2O2_diagnostics_without_O2txt
Comparison of H2O2 diagnostics: H2O2 concentration as function of N2...
Download - Figure_03_b_H2O2_diagnostics_with_O2txt
Comparison of H2O2 diagnostics: H2O2 concentration as function of N2...
Download - Figure_04_a_b_H2O2_concentrationtxt
H2O2 concentration measured with electrochemical sensors as function of N2...
Download - Figure_04_c_d_NH3_concentrationtxt
NH3 concentration as function of N2 admixture at various humidity admixtures...
Download - Figure_04_e_f_NO2-_concentrationtxt
NO2- concentration as function of N2 admixture at various humidity...
Download - Figure_05_literature_comparisontxt
Comparison of three literature papers with the published paper in terms of...
Download - Figure_06_a_distance_variationtxt
Species concentrations as a function of distance between capillary and...
Download - Figure_06_b_flow_variationtxt
Species concentrations as a function of gas flow rate. Plasma was operated...
Download - Figure_07_a_H2O2_power_modulationtxt
H2O2 concentration as a function of pulses per residence for 10% and 50%...
Download - Figure_07_b_NH3_power_modulationtxt
NH3 concentration as a function of pulses per residence for 10% and 50% duty...
Download - Figure_07_c_NO2_power_modulationtxt
NO2- concentration as a function of pulses per residence for 10% and 50%...
Download